How to Delete Secure and NonSecure Items Warning Message

How to Delete Secure and NonSecure Items Warning Message

Whenever your browser views secure web pages it usually displays a lock or a key telling the viewer the data shown on this particular web page is secure and safe. In order for the page to be considered safe, ALL the data including images, pages, and more need to be on the secured site. However, sometimes when exiting a secured web page, the exit page will load some items from a part of the site that wasn't secured. In this case, a warning message telling you the "page contains both secure and nonsecure items" is displayed to warn the user.This warning message is a nice verification that you are leaving a secured site. However, sometimes the message can be just plain annoying, especially if you are visiting the particular web page frequently.Gmail, is a perfect example, when you exit Gmail the above warning message is displayed. Many times, even when you open individual messages in Gmail the warning will appear. Although its a bit of a security risk, since you won't be notified about the switch from secure to nonsecure pages, follow the instructions below if you would like to remove this warning message.

1) Open Internet Explorer
2) Click on Tools
3) Click on Internet Options
4) Click on the Security Tab
5) Click on the Custom Level button
6) Under the Miscellaneous section look for "Display Mixed Content"
7) Click on Disable for Display Mixed Content instead of Prompt
8) Click on OK twice
9) Close Internet Explorer and reopen
10) Open the webpage that was displaying the warning message, the message should not appear now.

The Top 10 Things IT professionals say they hate about Laptops.

The Top 10 Things IT professionals say they hate about Laptops.
1 Battery life - what life?
Even though battery life in newer models can now top four hours, it's not nearly enough for mobile users and the IT pros who provide service for them. "I love my laptop - couldn't live without it - but I really hate it, too," says Dr. Joshua Lee, medical director of information services at the University of California, San Diego, Medical Center in La Jolla. "Battery, battery, battery. It is such a pain."
Lee, who is both a practising physician and an IT director, oversees a team of 50-plus laptop-carrying doctors who sometimes are forced to stop treating a patient and go search for an AC adapter cord so they can continue making notes in a patient's record.
2 Laptops get banged up and broken
"A lot of these laptops are assembled in China, and let's face it, they are flimsy," says Long Le, IT director at Atlas Air, an international air freight company in New York.
Le oversees 300 laptops that travel to far-flung locales like Asia, South America and Europe. And not all of those laptops travel business class, so he sees a lot of broken hinges and cracked screens and cases - not to mention parts that just fall off.
3 They're tough to fix, and they die young
On average, laptops last three to four years, compared with four to five years for desktops, according to research firm IDC. Matthew Archibald, senior director of global information security and risk management at Applied Materials in California, has noticed a built-in obsolescence in laptops. "The parts last a certain length of time and that's it," he says. "They're tougher to work on, take more expertise and create potentially a lot longer downtime to fix if they have to be shipped to a service center. They're very frustrating."
4 They get lost
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At Burlington Northern, consulting systems engineer Brad Hanson says it can be tough to find the company's laptops when they need be to upgraded. That's because tens of thousands of users are constantly moving around BNSF's 32,000 miles of railroad routes, which pass through 28 US states and two Canadian provinces.
5 They're difficult to secure, digitally and physically
Whether they're hacked while logged onto an unsecure public Wi-Fi connection or stolen from an airport restroom, laptops are vulnerable in ways their deskbound cousins never are. Anyone can look over the shoulder of a laptop user at a coffee shop or on an airplane and spy a spreadsheet with next year's corporate financials neatly displayed. And public Wi-Fi networks can be compromised in numerous ways.
Users complain that there are too many roadblocks to working online: passwords, screen locks and complex procedures for logging onto VPNs, plus the risk of getting booted off unsecure Wi-Fi connections. They're often in denial about the need for security, says Archibald, who says he recently received an email from a user asking, "We're not building nuclear bombs here, why do I have to type in so many passwords?"
7 Wi-Fi is still the Wild, Wild West
Configuring laptops for wireless connectivity and keeping those configurations up to date are among the biggest nightmares IT professionals face on a daily basis. IT must decide which air cards to use, whether to employ encryption or set up a VPN, and for which employees and under what circumstances. Should the company support mom-and-pop providers for its users on the road, or only big, trusted carriers? What about employees with their own home office routers and networks? The support issues are never-ending, IT managers say.
And clueless users make everything worse, says Vince Kellen, vice president of information services at DePaul University in Chicago. "Wireless overwhelms nontechnical people," he says flatly. "Users just can't grasp the complexity."
8 Laptops spawn uber-entitled users
The nature of mobile computing has given users the expectation that they ought to be able to work when and where they want to, regardless of what it takes to support them. "They can't get online at a friend's house, so they can't pick their football draft in their football pool, so I need to fix this situation immediately," Archibald says. "I get beat up by users every single day who want to be able to do whatever they want and have us support it."
9 They're too big or too small
Laptops are either too large - leading users to complain about lugging all that weight around - or they're too small, leaving users who have fat fingers feeling persecuted.
10 Software performance just ain't the same
Users want the power, speed, connectivity and full-bodied applications of a desktop PC packed into a unit that's effortlessly portable with long battery life. But in reality, big applications just don't work as well on a laptop. When users want to multitask with complex applications, even the fastest notebook processor can bog down.

Different Types of Computer Viruses

Different Types of Computer Viruses
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There are Different Types of Computer Viruses could beclassified in (origin, techniques, types of files they infect, where they hide,the kind of damage they cause, the type of operating system or platform theyattack) etc. Let us have a look at them…
Computer Virus is a kind of malicious software writtenintentionall y to enter a computer without the user's permission orknowledge, with an ability to replicate itself, thus continuing to spread. Someviruses do little but replicate others can cause severe harm or adverselyeffect program and performance of the system. A virus should never be assumedharmless and left on a system. Most common types of viruses are mentionedbelow:
Resident Viruses

This type of virus is a permanent which dwells in the RAM memory. From there itcan overcome and interrupt all of the operations executed by the system:corrupting files and programs that are opened, closed, copied, renamed etc.
Examples include: Randex, CMJ, Meve, and MrKlunky.
Direct Action Viruses

The main purpose of this virus is to replicate and take action when it isexecuted. When a specific condition is met, the virus will go into action andinfect files in the directory or folder that it is in and in directories thatare specified in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file PATH. This batch file is always locatedin the root directory of the hard disk and carries out certain operations whenthe computer is booted.
Overwrite Viruses

Virus of this kind is characterized by the fact that it deletes the informationcontaine d in the files that it infects, rendering them partially or totallyuseless once they have been infected.
The only way to clean a file infected by an overwrite virus is to delete thefile completely, thus losing the original content.
Examples of this virus include: Way, Trj.Reboot, Trivial.88.D.
Boot Virus

This type of virus affects the boot sector of a floppy or hard disk. This is acrucial part of a disk, in which information on the disk itself is storedtogether with a program that makes it possible to boot (start) the computerfrom the disk.
Boot Sector Viruses are an older type of virus and not so common. They used toinfect a computer's startup program so that the virus would become active assoon as the computer started up.
The best way of avoiding boot viruses is to ensure that floppy disks arewrite-protected and never start your computer with an unknown floppy disk inthe disk drive.
Examples of boot viruses include: Polyboot.B, AntiEXE.
Macro Virus

Macro viruses infect files that are created using certain applications orprograms that contain macros. These mini-programs make it possible to automateseries of operations so that they are performed as a single action, therebysaving the user from having to carry them out one by one.
Macro Viruses use commands (macros) embedded in othersoftware to infect and spread to other files viewed by that software. E.g. Wordand Excel have macros and macro viruses can spread by exploiting thesecommands.
Examples of macro viruses: Relax, Melissa.A, Bablas, O97M/Y2K.
Directory Virus

Directory viruses change the paths that indicate the location of a file. By executinga program (file with the extension .EXE or .COM) which has been infected by avirus, you are unknowingly running the virus program, while the original fileand program have been previously moved by the virus.
Once infected it becomes impossible to locate the original files.
Polymorphic Virus

Polymorphic viruses encrypt or encode themselves in a different way (usingdifferent algorithms and encryption keys) every time they infect a system.
This makes it impossible for anti-viruses to find them using string orsignature searches (because they are different in each encryption) and alsoenables them to create a large number of copies of themselves.
Examples include: Elkern, Marburg,Satan Bug, and Tuareg.
File Infectors / File Viruses

This type of virus infects programs or executable files(files with an .EXE or .COM extension). When one of these programs is run,directly or indirectly, the virus is activated, producing the damaging effectsit is programmed to carry out. The majority of existing viruses belong to thiscategory, and can be classified depending on the actions that they carry out.
File viruses attach themselves to other software. When thesoftware is run, the virus first loads itself into memory so that in canfurther infect other files or begin damaging the computer.
Companion Viruses

Companion viruses can be considered file infector viruseslike resident or direct action types. They are known as companion virusesbecause once they get into the system they "accompany" the otherfiles that already exist. In other words, in order to carry out their infectionroutines, companion viruses can wait in memory until a program is run (residentviruses) or act immediately by making copies of themselves (direct actionviruses) .
Some examples include: Stator, Asimov.1539, and Terrax.1069
FAT Virus

The file allocation table or FAT is the part of a disk used to connectinformation and is a vital part of the normal functioning of the computer.
This type of virus attack can be especially dangerous, by preventing access tocertain sections of the disk where important files are stored. Damage causedcan result in information losses from individual files or even entiredirectories.
Worms

A worm is a program very similar to a virus; it has the ability toself-replicate, and can lead to negative effects on your system and mostimportantly they are detected and eliminated by antiviruses.
Worms duplicate themselves and use communications such as email to spread. Theycan look at your email address book and send themselves to users in youraddress book.
Examples of worms include: PSWBugbear.B, Lovgate.F, Trile.C, Sobig.D, Mapson.
Trojans or Trojan Horses

Another unsavory breed of malicious code are Trojans or Trojan horses, whichunlike viruses do not reproduce by infecting other files, nor do theyself-replicate like worms.
Trojan Horses are programs that claim to perform a particular function but infact do something different. E.g. they could infect your computer with a virusor erase your files.
Backdoor Trojans: Backdoor Trojans are programs thatallow other computer users to remotely control your computer via a local areanetwork or the Internet.
Logic Bombs

They are not considered viruses because they do notreplicate. They are not even programs in their own right but rather camouflagedsegments of other programs.
Their objective is to destroy data on the computer once certain conditions havebeen met. Logic bombs go undetected until launched, and the results can bedestructive
Adware: Is to internet browsing as spam isto email Adware can profile your online surfing and online shopping habits andor placing annoying pop-up adverts, installing additional IE menu helper bars.Often Adware revolves around targeted advertising based upon the web sites youfrequent and you may not even be aware that the pop-ups are not coming from theactual web site visited itself but from the Adware software running locally onyour machine. Quite often these applications are installed by stealth or bydeliberately misleading users to install software that is not required.
Spyware: Is potentially a higher threatthan Adware as it often collects user details, such as software installed andoften sensitive information such as passwords and even credit card detailswhich are then sent to via the internet to a central collection point. Spywareis often installed covertly or by accident via pop-up windows with active-xcontrols which report that they are doing something benign whilst secretlyinstalling this malicious software.
Malware is software that damages yoursystem, causes instability, or exhibits antisocial behavior such as changingsettings or interfering with a computer's registry and security settings.Typical examples include computer viruses or worms.
Page Hijackers: Are applications that redirectlinks to specific web pages, such as a request to go to a search engine forexample, and instead redirect the web browser to a designated address, relatedto the initial link but often containing advertising or adware. Whilst not ashigh a threat as Spyware, it is often a sign that your computer has somespyware or adware components installed on it which will undermine its operation.

Useful Software - This Could be the Answer to your Problems

Useful Software - This Could be the Answer to your Problems

The cyber-rulerz team have put this collection of utilities here for your convenience, and in the hope that it may solve a problem or two. The software listed below is FREE and it is tried and tested by many forums. We cannot, however, take responsibility for any problems that arise if you decide to use any of the links below, all we can say is that they are in common use and have been proved to be reliable. If you do have a problem that you can't solve then please feel free to post it in the appropriate forum. All of the software found here is free. Hardware / Software Utilities 1 Belarc Adviser This software gives you a diagnostic of you whole system. 2 MS Windows memory Diagnostic Runs a diagnostic on RAM - tests physical memory 3 PCPitstop checks many things from disk fragmentation to Internet speed tests. 4 Driver Detective will check your drivers and report what updates are available. This program is not free, so we generally recommend people to simply write down their results and then manually get the updated drivers. 5 Ethereal is a troubleshooting and reporting utility for networks. 6 Tweaks Is your PC configured for broadband? 7 Memory Ten This site can scan your Motherboard and tell you exactly what RAM you need and the max for your motherboard. 8 Win Audit Scans your PC and gives a comprehensive diagnostic of the hardware / software Internet Security Keeping your computer secure is your first line of defense against hackers, viruses, trojans, hijackers, spammers, and adware. These programs and sites will help you make the job a little bit easier. A1 Windows Update This is probably the most important thing you can do to help with security of your pc A2 Windows XP Service Pack 2 CD order You can order SP2 on CD so you do not have to download it. A3 AuditmyPC has tests for firewall, spyware, and pop-ups. A4 AVG (free) Excellent AntiVirus that provides regular up-dates A5 Avast Another popular Anti Virus A6 Active Virus Shield Supplied by AOL A7 Trend Housecall This provides an online Anti Virus scan A8 Panda Active Scan Another online Anti Virus scan that is very effective A9 Shoot the Messenger Disables windows messenger service - do not confuse with MSN A10 Setting up Security Zones in IE A11 Microsoft Protect your PC A12 Random Password Generator generate single or thousands of random passwords A13 Hijack Eliminator can prevent worms and hijacking and gives recommendations on your Internet browser settings A14 DirextX Buster Uninstalls DirectX from your system A15 Audit my PC Test your PC firewall and check for Spyware and popups Never have more than 1 AV or Firewall running - they will conflict Free Firewalls B1 Zone Alarm B2 Outpost Browsers It is recommended that you have a second browser on your system so that you can check to see if the problem is unique to your primary browser. C1 Firefox 2 C2 Firefox Add-ons C3 Opera C4 Avant Web-based Virus and Trojan Scanners D1 Bit Defender You may need to install ActiveX Control D2 Housecall D3 Panda D4 McAfee (free) D5 Symantec Security Scan Test your computer's exposure to threats D6 Free Online Trojan Scan D7 Trend CWShredder removes CoolWebSearch D8 Mike Lin's Startup Monitor alerts you if any programs like trojans, viruses, or hijackers register to run at startup Adware, Spyware, Trojan and Hijacker Scanners E1 A-Squared E2 Adaware SE Personal E3 Spybot Search & Destroy E4 Hijack this - direct link Save it to its own folder. E5 Spyware Blaster E6 Ewido Security Suite scanner for spyware, highjackers, worms, trojans, dialers E7 MS Defender Clean up your PC F1 WinPatrol F2 CCleaner F3 EasyCleaner Do NOT delete any DUPLICATE files Registry Cleaners, File Shredders and File Recovery G1 RegSeeker Is a Registry Cleaner G2 Eraser Is a file shredder recommended by many sites G3 Ultrawipe Allows you to wipe sensitive data from your system G4 Active@Killdisk Will COMPLETELY wipe your Hard Drive G5 PC Inspector File Recovery is a File Recovery utility G6 Restoration - file undelete Can recover files after deleting from the recycle bin G7 DBAN Is a floppy-based utility that will completely wipe a Hard Drive

Resume Tips

Resume Tips

A Curriculum Vitae (CV) is the mirror which gives a company complete picture of the candidate. CV is a medium to market yourself.
Most people underestimate the importance of a CV (resume). Many of us put off writing our CV until last moment and do an inadequate job. Others feel that they know it all and treat the job of writing a resume far too casually. Actually, you would be well advised to ensure that both your resume and covering letter are so well prepared that they stand out among a thousand others, not only in content but also in presentation. Any compromises at this stage and you may not be short listed for the interview.

CV -Crucial in getting an Interview

Your CV is your first communication with the perspective employer. It serves as personal advertisement for you and must therefore, be organised in such a manner so as to make it interesting, attractive, brief and informative. Whether the interview is granted or not depends to a large extent on the impression created by the CV. If you wish to be one of the few to be called for an interview, you must ensure your CV is distinct from the hundreds of other CVs of candidates who may be as experienced or as well qualified as you. Today a good 20 to 30 per cent of candidates get rejected because they have not presented their CVs well.
Moreover, your perspective employers do not have the time or the inclination to meet all the people who may be interested in an opening, that makes it more important that among the other thousands of CVs, yours must stand out; not only in contents but also by the way it is formatted.

Essential Information must be Mentioned

There are certain items which must be included in every CV. Other items may or may not be mentioned depending on whether they are relevant or not. The items which must be included are given below:
Personal Information: Name, date of birth, marital status, language known, address, telephone number.
Educational Background: Institutions attended with years, marks obtained, qualifications, achievements, computer literacy.
Employment History: Name of organisation(s), years, designation(s), responsibilities, achievements and training programme attended. Include any part time or summer employment if you do not have any full time experience.

Stick to the Basic Rules

Stick to these proven guidelines for writing a CV:
• The term "Bio-data" is out. Curriculum Vitae (CV) has replaced it.
• Do not make a mistake of beginning your CV with the title "Bio-data" especially if you are applying for the managerial position.
• Before writing your CV sit down and think through what information you want to highlight. Include your achievements, your hobbies and interests, academic qualifications, details of your work experience (if any) and your job objectives. Don't write a final CV without including all these.
• Begin your CV with a section on personal particulars. Exclude family background.
• Write your date of birth and not your age. If your CV were to go in a databank, only to be retrieved 2 or 3 years later, it would be difficult to make an estimate of your age.
• You must give your phone number even if you do not have your own phone. Give a phone number of your friend or a relative who can pass on a message to you quickly. This is very essential as many vacancies have to be filled urgently and interviews have to be set up at a very short notice. Always mention the STD code of your town of residence if applying outside the city and remember to mention country code as well when applying abroad.
• Don't clutter your CV with irrelevant information. Mention your nationality only when applying abroad or when specifically asked to do so.
• Mention your father's occupation when applying for a position at the entry level or a junior level non-management job, or when specifically asked.
• Try and give maximum possible information in minimum space.
• You may include a job objective at the beginning. Your objective should be as specific as you can make it or it can be tailor-made to exactly correspond with the requirements of an advertisement to which you are replying.
• Make sure that the reader is quickly able to assess your accomplishments. If you have had work experience, start with your most recent experience and then the experiences that you have had with the organisations you were previously in. Your most recent experience will be the one most relevant to your new job. So mention it first and your previous experiences later.
• Similarly, start your academic background with the most recent qualification.
• Make sure that your CV is not longer than two pages. It should, at the same time, not be so short that your prospective employer does not know anything about you after going through it. It must be concise and should be informative.

PresentationMake sure your CV looks good. Presentation is of the atmost importance. You must:
(a) Avoid spelling mistakes.
(b) Use good quality paper.
(c) Do not send curriculum vitae with spelling errors corrected by whitening fluid or by hand.
(d) Use proper margins and spend time formatting it properly.
(e) Send the printed laser outputs instead of photocopying. It may cost you more but it says a lot about you.
Don't lie even if it is a small lie. Usually such lies are about achievements, grades and marks or summer projects. The personnel departments in most companies do take pains in verifying claims.

ReferencesYou may include references at the end of your CV. These are names, addresses and phone numbers of two or three people who could vouch for your character, competence and commitment. Ideally, these should be people who have worked with you, or your college professors. Many job seekers starting out in their careers feel that important people's references will impress prospective employers. Nothing could be further from the truth. A big name will communicate that you are a name-dropper who gets by on his father's contacts rather than achievements. An experienced interviewer will be far more impressed with the references of people who know you professionally. In any case, your prospective employer will check with referees, so make sure you ask your referees' permission before putting their names in your CV.
Use one or at best not more than two typefaces while preparing your CV. If you are looking for visual relief and highlighting then you can use block capitals, italics, bold type, underlining, varying font sizes, or any combinations of these. Choose a font that is simple and easy to read. Do not go in for a fancy typeface. It will take away legibility of your CV.
Don't leave gaps in your CV. If you have lost some years between your +2 and graduation or after your graduation, explain the gap.

Special Tips for the Freshers

Even if you have a professional degree from a prestigious institution and are looking for a position at entry level, you need to market yourself effectively to get a plum offer. If you are not from a coveted institution your task becomes that much harder because a number of top recruiters may not even visit your campus.
Your basic task is of communicating the fact that your skills, school and college education work experience, achievements, projects and extracurricular activities - all add up to make you the right person for the job.
Don't underestimate the value of your summer jobs, and your extra curricular activities. These are opportunities to use skills related to the job. They are often more job related than the academic qualification itself. The skills that you can demonstrate through any project or extracurricular activity include leadership skills, an ability to negotiate, plan and organise. In the absence of any direct organisational experience these add real meat to your CV. In other words, they help to differentiate you from the crowd and are often the most interesting part in your CV. Be sure to include all projects that you were in either alone or as a team and anything 'extra' you did.
Let us take a look at some of these in more detail.
Summer jobs: Normally any interview will include questions on summer jobs to test whether you understand the industry, the organisation and area of relevance. You are expected to be an expert in the area directly related to your training.
Extracurricular activities: These usually demonstrate interpersonal, communication organisation liaison, coordination and leadership skills. Were you elected to various offices? Did you organise any college festival? Were you instrumental in organising symposia? Did you contribute to the college magazine? Quite often any projects or extracurricular activities, are the most interesting part of you. If these are presented and defined well these activities can be a useful marketing device to land you with the right job, at right time.
Many companies have standardised application forms on the basis of which they shortlist candidates. Typically, the application form may be required to be filled in two or three methods before the interview and would include a statement of purpose. Many a candidate has slipped up in the interview even when all was going well in the interview. It is simply because what he said during the interview was inconsistent with the application form. Therefore, we would recommend that you keep photocopies of all your completed application forms carefully, especially of the statement of purpose, till the interview.

Allthe Best

List of Technical Abbreviations

Here goes a list of technical abbreviations I found recently while I was using SiSandra Enterprise (actually that doesn't works on my system but I atleast found something useful in it and that was this list of abbreviations, so as such my download didn't go as a total waste)

3DNow! Multi-Media Extensions (AMD)
AC Alternating Current
ACPI Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
ACR Advanced Communications Riser
AE Applications Engineer
AFS Andrew File System
AGP Accelerated Graphics Port
AI Artificial Intelligence
ALU Arithmetic-Logic Unit
AM Amplitude Modulated
AMD Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
AMD Air Moving Device (aka fan)
AMI American Megatrends Inc.
AMR Audio Modem Riser
ANSI American National Standards Institute
APIC Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
APM Advanced Power Management
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
ASPI Advanced SCSI Programming Interface
AT Advanced Technology
ATA AT bus Attachment
ATAPI ATA Packet Interface
ATDM Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATX AT eXtended
AUI Attached Unit Interface
BBS Bulletin Board System
BCC Block Check Character
BCD Binary Coded Decimal
BE Back End
BEDO Burst EDO
BiCMOS Bipolar Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
BIOS Basic Input / Output System
BMB Baseboard Management Bus
BNC Bayonet Nut Connector
BPS/bps Bytes/bits Per Second
BSC Binary Synchronous Communications
BSD Berkeley Standard Distribution
BT Base Transmit
BTU British Thermal Units
CAD Computer Aided Design
CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing
CAM Content Addressable Memory
CAM Common Access Method
CAS Column Address Strobe
CBX Common Branch eXtender
CCD Charge Coupled Device
CCITT Consultative Committee of International Telephony and Telegraphy
CD Carrier Detect
CDDI Copper Distributed Data Interface
CDROM Compact Disk Read Only Memory
CGA Colour Graphics Adapter
CHS Cylinder Head Sector
CISC Complex Instruction- Set Computer
CLA Carry Look-ahead Adder
CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
CNR Communications and Network Riser
CODEC
CP/M Control Program / Monitor
CPI Clocks Per Instruction
CPU Central Processing Unit
CQFP Ceramic Quad Flat Pack
CR Carriage Return
CRC Cyclical Redundancy Check
CRIMM Continuity RIMM
CRQ Command Response Queue
CRT Cathode Ray Tube
CS Chip Select
CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple-Access /with Collision Detect
CSR Command Status Register
CST Container Security Breach (aka door open)
CTS Clear To Send
DAT Digital Audio Tape
DBI Dynamic Bus Inversion
DC Direct Current
DCD Data Carrier Detect
DCE Data Circuit-terminating Equipment
DD Double Density
DDC Display Data Channel
DDR Double Data Rate
DEC Digital Equipment Corporation
DES Data Encryption Standard
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DID Direct Inward Dial
DIMM Dual Inline Memory Module
DIN Deutsche Industrie Norm (German)
DIP Dual-In-line Package
DIS Draft International Standard
DMA Direct Memory Access
DMI Desktop Management Interface
DOS Disk Operating System
DP Dual Processor
DPE Data Parity Error
DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying
DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
DRDOS Digital Research Disk Operating System
DRM Dual Retention Mechanism
DS Double Sided
DSP Digital Signal Processor
DSR Data Set Ready
DTC Data Terminal Controller
DTE Data Terminating Equipment
DTMF Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency
DTR Data Terminal Ready
DVD Digital Video/Versatile Device/Disk
EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
EC Error Check
ECC Error Check and Correction
ECL Emitter-Coupled Logic
ECO Engineering Change Order
ECP Enhanced Communication Port
ECP Extended Capabilities Port
ECU EISA Configuration Utility
EDO Extended Data Out RAM
EDPT Enhanced Disk Parameter Table
EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EFI Extensible Firmware Hub
EGA Enhanced Graphics Adapter
EIA Electronic Industries Association
EIDE Enhanced Integrated Device Electronics
EISA Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture
EMC Electro-Magnetic Compatibility
EMF Electro-Magnetic Force
EMI Electro-Magnetic Interference
EMS Expanded Memory Specification
EOF End Of File
EOL End Of Line
EOS Electrical Over Stress
EPP Enhanced Parallel Port
EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
ESCD Extended System Configuration Data
ESD Electro-Static Discharge
ESDI Enhanced Small Devices Interface
FAT File Allocation Table
FCC Federal Communications Commission
FDD Fixed / Floppy Disk Drive
FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface
FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing
FDX Full-Duplex Transmission
FE Front End
FEP Front End Processor
FF Form Feed
FIFO First-In First-Out
FILO First-In Last-Out
FM Frequency Modulation
FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
FPM Fast Page Mode RAM
FPU Floating Point Unit
FRC Functional Redundancy Checking
FRU Field-Replaceable Unit
FSB Front Side Bus
FSF Free Software Foundation
FSK Frequency Shifty Keying
FTP File Transfer Program
FWH Firmware Hub
GAS Gallium Arsenide
GFLOPS Billions of FLOating Point Operations Per Second (GigaFlops)
GNU Gnu's Not UNIX
GUI Graphical User Interface
GXB Graphic eXpansion Bridge
HBA Host Bus Adapter
HD High Density / Hard Disk
HDD Hard Disk Drive
HDX Half-Duplex Transmission
HFS Hierarchical File System
HPFS High Performance File System
HS Helical Scan
I/O Input / Output
I2C Intelligent Controller
IA Intel Architecture
IB In-Bound
IBM International Business Machines Corporation
IC Integrated Circuit
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
IDC Insulation Displacement Connector
IDE Integrated Device Electronics
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
IFB I/O and Firmware Bridge
IMP Interface Message Processor
IOAPIC Input Output Advanced PIC
IPC Inter Process Communication
IPX Inter network Packet eXchange
IR Infra-Red
IRQ Interrupt ReQuest
ISA Industry Standard Architecture
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISO International Standards Organisation
ITP In-Target Probe
JFS Journalised File System
kVA KiloVolt-Amps
LAN Local Area Network
LBA Linear Block Array / Addressing
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LED Light Emitting Diode
LF Line Feed
LIM Lotus/Intel/ Microsoft' s Expanded Memory Manager (EMS)
LRU Least-Recently Used
LSB/lsb Least Significant Byte/bit
LSI Large Scale Integration
LVD Low Voltage Differential
LUN Logical Unit Number
MAN Metropolitan Area Network
MB/Mb Mega Bytes/bits
MBR Master Boot Record
MCA Micro Channel Architecture
MCGA Multi-Colour Graphics Array
MCH Memory Controller Hub
MCM Multi-Chip Module
MDC Memory Data Component
MDRAM Multi-bank RAM
MEC Memory Expansion Cards
MFLOPS Millions of FLOating Point Operations per Second (MegaFlops)
MFM Modified Frequency Modulated
MHz MegaHertz
MICR Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
MIDI Musical Instrument Data Interface
MIMD Multiple-Instructio n Multiple-Data
MIPS Millions of Instructions per Second
MISD Multiple-Instructio n Single Data
MMU Memory Management Unit
MMX Multi-Media Extensions
MNP Microcom Network Protocol
MODEM MOdulator / DEModulator
MOPS Millions of Operations Per Second
MOS Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
MP Multi-Processor
MPP Massively Parallel Processor
MPS Multi-Processor System
MPT Memory Protocol Translator
MSB/msb Most Significant Byte/bit
MSDOS Microsoft's Disk Operating System
MSI Medium Scale Integration
MTBF Mean Time Between Failure
MTH Memory Translator Hub
N/C No-Connect
NBS National Bureau of Standards
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association
NFS Network File System
NFU Not-Frequently Used
NIC Network Interface Card
NMI Non-Maskable Interrupt
NMOS Negatively doped Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
NOP No OPeration
NRU Not-Recently Used
NSF National Science Foundation
NVRAM NonVolatile Random Access Memory
OAP Outside Awareness Panel (aka window)
OB OutBound
OCR Optical Character Recognition
ODI Open Datalink Interface
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
OS Operating System
OSF Open Software Foundation
OSI Open Systems Interconnect
PAC PCI AGP Controller
PAL/PLA Programmable Array Logic / Logic Array
PAL Processor Abstraction Layer
PB Push Button
PBX Private Branch eXtender
PC Personal Computer, Program Counter
PCB Printed Circuit Board
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
PE Processor Element
PFC Power Factor Correction
PFF Page Fault Frequency
PGA Professional Graphics Array
PGA Pin Grid Array
PIC Programmable Interrupt Controller
PIO Programmed Input / Output
PIROM Processor Information ROM
PLCC Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier
PLL Phase Locked Loop
PM Preventive Maintenance
PME Power Management Event
PMOS Positively doped Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
PnP Plug-and-Play
POST Power On Self Test
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
PQFP Plastic Quad Flat Pack
PROM Programmable Read Only Memory
PSIPC PCI Super I/O Integrated Peripheral Controller
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PTE Page Table Entry
PXB PCI eXpansion Bridge
PXE Pre-Boot eXecution Environment
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QFP Quad Flat Pack
QIC Quarter Inch Cartridge
RAID Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks
RAM Random Access Memory
RAMDAC Random Access Memory Digital to Analogue Converter
RAS Row Address Strobe
RCA Radio Corporation of America
RCC Routing Control Centre
RDRAM Rambus DRAM
RFC Request For Comments
RFI Radio Frequency Interference
RI Ring Indicator
RIMM Rambus Inline Memory Module
RISC Reduced Instruction- Set Computer
RLL Run Length Limited
RMS Root Mean Squared
RMW Read Modify Write
ROM Read Only Memory
RPC Remote Procedure Call
RPM Rotations Per Minute
RTC Real Time Clock
RTS Request To Send
SAL System Abstraction Layer
SAM Sequential Access Memory
SASI Shugart Associates Standard Interface
SCI Special Circumstance Instructions
SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface
SD Single Density
SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control
SDRAM Synchronous Dynamic RAM
SDRAM BDDR II Bi-Directional Strobed DDR SDRAM
SDRAM DDR II Double Data Rate SDRAM
SE Systems Engineer
SEC Single Edge Contact
SECC Single Edge Contact Cartridge
SFF Small Form Factor
SGRAM Synchronous Graphics RAM
SIMD Single-Instruction Multiple-Data
SIMM Single Inline Memory Module
SIPP Single Inline Pinned Package
SISD Single-Instruction Single-Data
SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol
SMBUS System Management Bus
SMD Surface Mount Device
SMI System Management Interrupt
SMP Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMT Surface Mount Technology
SMT Symmetric Multi-Threading
SNA System Network Architecture
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
SO/SOL Small Out Line
SOIC Small Outline Integrated Circuit
SPDIF Serial Data Interface
SPOOL Simultaneous Peripheral Operation On Line
SPT Sectors Per Track
SPU Single Processor Unit
SRAM Static Random Access Memory
SS Single Sided
SSE Streaming SIMD Extensions
SSE2 Streaming SIMD Extensions 2
STDM Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing
STN Super Twisted Nematic
STR Suspend To RAM
STU Streaming Tape Unit
SVGA Super Video Graphics Array
TCM Trellis Code Modulation
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
TDM Time Division Multiplexing
TI Texas Instruments
TIA Telecomm. Industry Association
TLB Translation- Lookaside Buffer
TPI Tracks Per Inch
TRANSISTOR TRANSformer resISTOR
TSR Terminate and Stay Resident
TTL Transistor-Transist or Logic
TUV Technischer Ueberwachuags Verein (German)
UAE Unrecoverable Application Error
UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitte r
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UMB Upper Memory Block
UPS Un-interruptible Power Supply
USB Universal Serial Bus
USL UNIX System Labs
UUCP UNIX to UNIX Copy Program
VBE Video BIOS Extensions
VCR Video Cassette Recorder
VESA Video Enhanced Standards Association
VGA Video Graphics Array
VID Voltage ID
VLB VESA Local Bus
VLIW Very Long Instruction Word
VLSI Very Large Scale Integration
VM Virtual Memory
VME Versa Module Euro-card
VRAM Video Random Access Memory
VRT Voltage Reduction Technology
VTR Video Tape Recorder
WAN Wide Area Network
WATS Wide Area Telephone Service
WD Western Digital
WOL Wake-up On LAN
WORM Write Once - Read-Many
WRAM Window Random Access Memory
WS Wait State
WXB Wide eXpansion Bridge
XGA eXtended Graphics Array
XMS Extended Memory Specification
XOR Exclusive-OR
XT eXtended Technology
ZIF Zero Insertion Force